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:''This article is a general introduction to French literature. For detailed information on French literature in specific historic periods, see the separate historical articles in the template to the right.'' French literature is, generally speaking, literature written in the French language, particularly by citizens of France; it may also refer to literature written by people living in France who speak traditional languages of France other than French. Literature written in French language, by citizens of other nations such as Belgium, Switzerland, Canada, Senegal, Algeria, Morocco, etc. is referred to as Francophone literature. As of 2006, French writers have been awarded more Nobel Prizes in Literature than novelists, poets and essayists of any other country. France itself ranks first in the list of Nobel Prizes in literature by country. French literature has been for French people an object of national pride for centuries, and it has been one of the most influential components of the literature of Europe.〔(French literature ) Discover France〕〔(Romance languages and literatures: why study French ? ) University of Michigan 〕 The French language is a romance dialect derived from Latin and heavily influenced principally by Celtic and Frankish. Beginning in the 11th century, literature written in medieval French was one of the oldest vernacular (non-Latin) literatures in western Europe and it became a key source of literary themes in the Middle Ages across the continent. Although the European prominence of French literature was eclipsed in part by vernacular literature in Italy in the 14th century, literature in France in the 16th century underwent a major creative evolution, and through the political and artistic programs of the Ancien Régime, French literature came to dominate European letters in the 17th century. In the 18th century, French became the literary lingua franca and diplomatic language of western Europe (and, to a certain degree, in America), and French letters have had a profound impact on all European and American literary traditions while at the same time being heavily influenced by these other national traditions Africa, and the far East have brought the French language to non-European cultures that are transforming and adding to the French literary experience today. Under the aristocratic ideals of the ancien régime (the "honnête homme"), the nationalist spirit of post-revolutionary France, and the mass educational ideals of the Third Republic and modern France, the French have come to have a profound cultural attachment to their literary heritage. Today, French schools emphasize the study of novels, theater and poetry (often learnt by heart). The literary arts are heavily sponsored by the state and literary prizes are major news. The Académie française and the Institut de France are important linguistic and artistic institutions in France, and French television features shows on writers and poets (one of the most watched shows on French television was ''Apostrophes'',〔Roger Cohen, ("The Media Business; Books Star on TV, but Only in France" ), ''The New York Times'', September 10, 1990.〕 a weekly talk show on literature and the arts). Literature matters deeply to the people of France and plays an important role in their sense of identity. As of 2006, French literary people have been awarded more Nobel Prizes in Literature than novelists, poets and essayists of any other country. Writers in English (USA, UK, Ireland, South Africa, Australia, Canada, Nigeria & Saint Lucia) have won twice as many Nobels as the French. In 1964 Jean-Paul Sartre was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature, but he declined it, stating that "It is not the same thing if I sign Jean-Paul Sartre or if I sign Jean-Paul Sartre, Nobel Prize winner. A writer must refuse to allow himself to be transformed into an institution, even if it takes place in the most honorable form."〔()〕 ==French Nobel Prize in Literature winners== For most of the 20th century, French authors had more Literature Nobel Prizes than those of any other nation.〔National Literature Nobel Prize shares 1901–2009 (by citizenship at the time of the award ) and (by country of birth ). From J. Schmidhuber (2010), (Evolution of National Nobel Prize Shares in the 20th Century ) at (arXiv:1009.2634v1 )〕 The following French or French language authors have won a Nobel Prize in Literature: *1901 – Sully Prudhomme (The first Nobel Prize in literature) *1904 – Frédéric Mistral (wrote in Occitan) *1911 – Maurice Maeterlinck (Belgian) *1915 – Romain Rolland *1921 – Anatole France *1927 – Henri Bergson *1937 – Roger Martin du Gard *1947 – André Gide *1952 – François Mauriac *1957 – Albert Camus *1960 – Saint-John Perse *1964 – Jean-Paul Sartre (declined the prize) *1969 – Samuel Beckett (Irish, wrote in English and French) *1985 – Claude Simon *2000 – Gao Xingjian (writes in Chinese) *2008 – J.M.G. Le Clézio *2014 – Patrick Modiano 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「French literature」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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